Concrete pipe joint, means and method of forming the same



Nav. 1o, 1925I 1,560,931

P. EASTERDAY CONCRETE PIPE JOINT, lMEANS AND METHOD 0F FORIIING THE SAME Filed April 1'?, 1923 Patented Nov. 10, 1925.

Unire-O PHIL nastnnnay, onPO'RTLANDQQRGON;Assieme :no Geneanet: -Pnn coivr'ANY, OF PORTLAND, OzfniefoN,l A CORPORATION OF ORGON.

To u?! affirm. "if, may conne/rn.

Be it known that I, Prin, Eftsiiinniir, a `citizen ot the United Stat es!, 1"esiding` Portlafnchin the county of' li/Iultnoinah and State of (liegen, have invented a new Y and useful lni`p roy e1neut inConc'rete Pipe Joints, ligcans and lilethods 0i Forn'iingthe Same, described i'n the' following specification.

Vlliis intention relates' to i'niproyenients 'ni coiicretepipe, an'd par cularly to forniing the saine with a' reinforcing joint, together withmethods and appliances ofni'akingthe saine.

An object ot the invention is to provide a reinforcing' collar ot plastic' ccinent coi'np'osition' and of novel constructigni" tha nnay be applied abouta pipe or pipe-joint as the pipe is assembled or thereafter whereby the pipe joint is niade' capable ot:` sustaining pressures at least equal to the strength ot the mainpipe-body. i I,

it further objectof the" invention is to proyidea novel method of assembling'i line of concrete pipe and reinforcingthein their joints whereby a pipe-lino capable ot Withn standing"` relatively heavy hydraulic prese sures4 inay be assembled with' pipe-units of lighter construction than hitherto..

A stillffurthcr object ofthe inyen'tion" is theproyisioii" ot a 1noldadapted-tobe clamped about the adjoining ends off pipe# sectionaduring theprocessio orniii'igz a pipe-line whereby satidsectioiis are lifeld ri idly' in coaxial' alifnnient andagainst`loiigi` tudinal44 displacement While the jointl there# betuceiris being made. i

it still further object of the invention is thc provision ot a detachable niold'ftortfornia reiniorcingcollar about'a pip'e'whereby plastic `ceinent material for said; collarf may introduced under `considerable-presi sure to" increase the density` tliereotandto n iaintain theplastic collar in .-clos'e opera! tive contact! throughout its entire inner circumferential surfaceV With the Wallsot the jupe" duringl the setting" period.

A; stil" tufther object ot the invention is the provision of siniple, noyel an'd convenient appliances and'nieans to apply a reinforcing collarof plastic coinpos'itionabout a pipe either atajoint ora'bout any portion thereot deniai'iding additional strei'igth.

The inyenti'on Ivconsists 4in the noyel ,construction, arrangement and adaptation of' a concreteV pipe, and particularly of a` joint or y nt therefor,` together with the novel V,1nethod of forming the saine, as xyill he fully ,described in the tollowilig specitication, illustrated in the accoiipanying draufings, and finally set forth in the appended claims.

In the accompanying diau'fings:I F.' gu`re' '1 is a View partlyin side elevation and partly in vertical section of a concrete pipe' llineaiid reinforcing joint therefor ot my invention. y y

4F Qis a" transverse `sectional View of a pipe and inold therefor, the pump-casing cnployed therewith beingshown in side elevation, partly broken away and illustrating the nioveiient oli" the niate'riall Within the niold. Fig. 3 is a viewin side elevation ot iny ilriproved niol'd, partly broken atvay, and slioiyin'gjj-a half-section thereof open in broken lines.

4 is top plan View ot said mold. Referring to said views, the reference nuinerals', `6 and 7 indicate pipe-sections arranged in en hto-enj'd relation to forni" a continuous conduit. Said pi`pe`-s`ection`s tor the purpose of this invention niay be composed o t any suitable material with which a plastic ce'njient coi'npostion may maleanoperatiye bond. InA the illustrated eiq'ainple I halve shown pip sections" forinedof concrete nia-` terial Whit n'iay be provided' with internal i'ifietal reinforcement devices, fnot shown. Said se .tions areflorined `withinterit ting @lids of a' c'oiiiiiionly used type consisting in" inner andeutet1w annular flanges 10 and il, respectively, making the ini'ier and outer `walls of the pipe flush, although other t'ornjrs oi end connections may be used with the inx'fention. `A mortar l2 of celnentitious com pyojsitionis p'lacedjbetween the abutting` ends of the pipe which with concrete" or vitreous pipe results in a substantially' monolithic coiisti"`uc t i`ona i A joint ofthe character described is co1ninonly employed for sewer-pipe and conduits forplow pressure water distribution. For sustaiiiingV hydrodynamic forces of considerable ani`o unt` itis found that joints of the usual type are not reliable, due largely to reinforcein` the breakin the metal reinforcement at the iOIl- To overcome thisdirficulty" and to-secure a' joint at least as eiiicient in strengthas any' section ot the pipe'l apply a band or collarl 13 of plastic cement composition symmetric# iro ally about the joint when t-he pipe-line is in situ and preferably as the pipe-sections are added. Said collar is of any suitable configuration and area in cross-section to meet the engineering requirements and the exterior surface conformation of the pipe. Sufiicient width of bearing on the pipe being given to well cover the width of the pipe-joint and to provide a suliicient bonding surface on each side thereof. To this end l preferably form said collar with opposite beveled or chamfered edges 15 and annular reinforcement of metal webbing or thel like 16 is placed within the collar during its formation.

rlhe-aooaratus employed to form said collar consists in a-two-part annular mold, indicated generally by the numeral 17, formed of openable half-sections 18 and 19 hingedly connected at 2O and each consisting in an outer mid-wall 21 molding the outer perimete 22 of the collar, and oppositely inclined side walls 2S adapted to mold said beveled edges 15. The inner circular edges4 25 of the mold are formed to make an etiiciently close connection with the exterior surface. of the pipe. l

rihe meeting edges of said mold-sections are disposed radially thereof and form mutually abutting oints, the openable joint 2G having studs 2i' and 28 on opposite sides of the transverse axis of theI mold on said sections 18 and 19, respectively, vith their outer edges in the radial plane of the joint 2o whereby any telescoping effect at said abutting joint in case of accidental distortion is avoided.

A locking device or shackle to detachably connect said sections together, indicated generally by numeral 30,is composed in dctail of a barrel-member 31 pivotally mounted in ears 32 integral with said mold-section 18and is-provided with a screw-threaded socket in which a` screw-threaded bolt 33 is engaged and bears a lock-nut A forked lever 36 is pivotally securedto the head of said bolt by a removable pin 37 and is formed with hat faces 8S on its forked ends engageable with spaced lugs a() cast adjacent the edge of the joint 26 on the section 19. rllhe described construction will be well understood and admits of an adjustable degree of tension being exerted upon the sections to bring them closely together through the at justed length given the bolt 33.

An opening Ll1 is formed in said moldsection 1S having an outwardly directed tubularl necktherefor t2 disposed with its axis when extended inwardly offset from the central longitudinal axis of the pipe or mold and with the innermost portion 41 of its perimeter substantially on a line radial of the pipe or mold. detachable pumpcasing or cylinder att-3 'is provided to introduce the cement material within said mold under pressure of which the lower end di) isvinsertable in said neck 42 and is provided with an exteriorly disposed ring 16 adjustably secured at predetermined points about said cylinder to form a shoulder to rest upon the upper extremity of said neck to support the weight of the cylinder.

rllhe lower| extremityof said cylinder, indicated by 113, extends within said neck and'mold channel to engage or nearly so, as determined by said ring 46, with the exterior wall of the pipe, and owing to the offset relation of the neck to the axis of said pipe one portion of said extremity 43 will nearly contact with the pipe practically closing the annular mold-channel upon that side to the passage of cement material while a relatively large opening is afforded directed into the opposite side of said channel, that is to say, toward the side adjacent to which the axis of the neck is offset.

The interior of said cylinder is of uniform cylindrical configuration throughout its length and is provided with a flaring feed-hopper i17 at its top. i1-8 indicates a pump-plunger operatively disposed in said cylinder and provided with an actuating rod 5() and handle 51. It may be said that, the supporting ring L6 may be dispensed with and the edge 113 of the cylinder allowed to rest upon the pipe if such position will not unduly distort the reinforcing matcrial 16.

The method of forming the pipe-line with my improved collar and the manner of using the said appliances may be described as follows: The ends of two pipe-sections are brought together to cause their respective iianges 10 and 11 to .intertit and plastic cement mortar 12 is applied completely filling the space therebetween.

I then aiix the mold 17 about the pipejoint in the position heretofore described and clamp the half-sections thereof together to form a'continuous mold-channel about the pipe-ends and ovcrlaying syn'nnetrically the mortared or grouted joint. The metal reinforcement material 1G is placed in said channel and the ends of the joint 26 brought together and clamped as described whereby the interior circular edge of the mold of the proper size will coincide with the exterior surface of the pipe..

j The cylinder 43 is then inserted in the neck 12 in the manner described and the cylinder is filled through the hopper 47 with sufficient plastic cement material to somewhat more than the capacity of the mold 17. The plunger 48 is then inserted in the cylinder above the cement and on being forced downwardly thereon forces the plastic cement through the neck 4t2 and about the annular channel within the mold. Owing to the directional position of the neck l2 relative to said channel, that is to say, the axis lit) lli

of said tubular noch being` oiiset from-the lon:- gi-tudmal axisoif the pipe and also tromsaid channel which is concentric therewith, and

owing to the interposition et the cylinder' end 43 having one sidethereoll adjacent the pipe WallI and leaving an opening directed into; the channel ufponli the side adjacent to which the anis oit the neck etis offset astt'eam of cement material issuing from said cyliinder end into said channel as forced in by said pump will be directed positively to lolloiv a circular course about the channel and Will force the airl Within thev mold through the crac-ks and spaces existing between' the mold parts and between the mold and the pipe, as' illustrated in Fig. 2, thus aliording in practiceand eilect a wiped joint com- ]filetely lillinzg the mold with a dense mass free from air or voids and in close adherent Contact with the pipe.

The advancel end oi said column oit ce'- mcnt material Will then be united at the'top of the channel adjacent the neclcll with. the entering material, the cylindeiI 43 being par-` tially Withdrawn to admit the channel being completely filled. During the course oit said cement column aboutsaid channel it will, unite withy the plastic material 1210011-- stitutingl the filling between the pipe-ends making annintegral union therewith and to almost an equal extent makes a bond With the pipenalls so that avsubstantially monolithic construction is ai'loi'ded havin-g par'- ticular strength about thepipe-joints.

The cylinder t3 may theubev entirely removed and the neclc l2 freed ot superfluous cement material, whereupon the plastic col lar thus formed about the pipe is allowed to set, usually from 18 to 9A; hours.A lir such period of setting the mold serves a valuable and novel purpose in holding the pipeends in alignment and in their operative spaced relation during said setting period and also serves asa protective covering for the set= tingv material to guard against the deleteri` ous eliectof adverse atmospheric conditions, such as the direct action of the sun, Wind or frost, which may otherwise cause an unequal set about the collar and an imperfect result.

One of the chief advantages of my invention resides in the increased density of the material in the pipecollar formed thereby and the closeness-'With Which said collar adheres to the pipe-Walls about the entire circumference thereof. and particularly,about the lower portion of its circumference Where:

the effect of gravity and the pressure with which the plastic material is introduced in thenrold causes the material` to croivd tight-` ly against the pipe instead of tendingrto pull away therefrom as would otherwisebe the case.

It isobvious that a reinforcing band or collar may be formed about a pipe at any' place in its length, so' that when cracks or faults appear in a pipe acollar mary be cast. thereabont at selected points tof provide against burstingl or extension oit developed cracks.

ln practice and in experimental tes-ts on pipe to the bursting point it has been Viiouind that pipe ot standard make using the usual and approved methods of reinforcement When equipped with joints reinforced with collars made in accordance with my invention will break at any point between their joints rather than at their joints While Without their use the reverse of such conditions has usually been the case.

Having described my invention, what: l claim, is

l. The process ol? forming ai concrete pipe line, consisting in laying pipe-sections in end-to-end relation, lliing the' joint between said sections With cement mortar oit relatively thick consistency, and" molding an imposed adherent collar oit relatively moist plastic cement material over said make monolithic unionW-itlrsaidmf tz 2. rThe process of forming afconci'ete' pipe line, consisting in laying conc ete pipesefctions in end-to-end relation, 'filling thcjoint between said sections with arelativcly ldraV cementitious,mortar to forni a bondbetiveen said pipe ends and to provide a dramto prevent the liow` of the collar material through said joint, placing a: colla. -ifnold about' said? joint, and iorcing'` a str in or relatively Wetter cement materialy into# said mold to make a monolithic union with said mortar. y t t 3. The process ol' forminga concrete pipe line, consisting in laying pipe sections in end-to-end relation, lilling the joint between saidsections With relatively dry cement material, placing an annular mold about said joint, and forcing a. more plastic cement material under pressure through said nld to form a continuous collar over si nl', adherent tothe exterior Walls of said pipe' and integrally united to `.said `filling material.V

4. The process of forming a collar about a pipe, consisting in securing a mold `containing an annular channel about ay pipe, and forcing a stream ot cement mat ial obliquely with respect to the: pipe radius into said channel to completely lill thesame',

5. Theprocess of forming reinforcing collar about a pipe, consisting in securing moldcontaining an annular channel about a pipe, and forcing a' stream of cement material into said channel and causing the same to lion' thereabout in one circular divrection to completely lill said' channel.v

6. 'The process of forming aconcrete pipe line, consisting in laying the pipe-sections in end-toend relation,` lilling the joint betweensaid sections with relatively dryf cement material, securing a mold containing llt) litt) an annular channel about the pipe-ends to cover said joint and to malte an operative contact with the exteriorl Walls et the pipe, and introducing plastic cement material oit a thinner consistency into said n'iols'l-channel under pressure to form a continuous a lherent collar over said joint.

f 7. The process of toi-ming a. concrete pipe line, consisting` in laying pipe-sections in eird-to-end relation, filling the joint between the sections With plastic cement material, securing a mold containing an annular channel about said pipe to cover said joint, and filling said mold-channel .vith a stream ottl plastic cement material flowing in one direction only.

8. The process of forming' a concrete pipe, consisting in laying pipe-sections in end-toend relation, iilling the joint between said sections With plastic cement material, securing a mold containing an annular channel about said pipe to cover said joint, introducing a stream of plastic cement material into said channel under pressure, and causing said stream to tloiv about said channel in a unitary circular direction to completely lill the channel.

9. The process of forming a concrete pipe line, consisting in laying pipe-sections in end-to-end relation, iilling the joint between said sections With plastic cement material, securing a mold including an annular channel about said pipe over said joint, interposing a barrier in said channel, introducing cement material under pressure into said channel upon one side oit' said barrier and causing the same to flow about said channel, and removing said barrier when said channel is iilled to allow the stream ot cement to unite.

10. In apparatus of the class described, a sectional mold adapted to be detachably connected to a pipe, said mold having side Walls engageable with said pipe to provide an annular mold-channel, and means for introducing plastic cement material within said mold in a stream from one side and about said channel.

l1. In apparatus of the class described, a sectional mold adapted to be detachably connected to a pipe, said mold having side Walls engageable with said pipe to provide an annular mold-channel, and means for introducing plastic cement material under pressure directed in a progressif-:ely moving stream from one side and about said channel.

12. In apparatus of the class described, a sectional mold adapted to be detachably secured to a pipe, said mold having side Walls engageable with said pipe to provide an annular mold-channel, means for introducing plastic material Within said mold consisting in an opening` provided with an exterior tubular neck having its axis inclined to the radius of the pipe, and a pump arranged to be communicatively connected to said neck for injecting cement material through said opening.

18. In apparatus of the class described, a sectional mold adapted to be detachably secured to a pipe, said mold having side Walls engageable with said pipe to provide an annular mold-channel, means jtor introducing plastic material Within 'said mold consisting in an opening provided with an exterior tubular neck having its axis inclined to the radius of the pipe, a pump cylinder arranged to be inserted Within said neck to approximately engage on one side with the pipe surface leaving an exit opening on its other side, and a plunger in said cylinder.

14k. In apparatus oi the class described, a two-part mold having a hinge connection upon one side and a clamp to detachably connect the mold parts upon the opposite side, said mold-parts having an interior opening adapted to closely engage the cxterior Walls oi: a pipe, and formed with an annular channel-mold thereabout, and an opening into said channel for the introduction of ak plastic material having its axis oiiset from the ri dius of the mold.

15. In apparatus of the class described, a tivo-part mold having a hinged connec tion upon one side and a clamp to detachably connect the mold-parts upon the opposite side, said mold-parts havingy an interior circular edge adapted to closely engage the exterior Wall of a pipe, said mold being formed with an annular channel having an opening in its exterior ivall for the introduction of plastic material, said opening having its axis offset from the radius ot the mold and means to force a column ot plastic material about said channel.

1G. In apparatus oi the class described, a two-part mold having an interior opening adapted to closely engage the exterior walls of a pipe, and formed with an annular channel thereabout, an opening into said channel -for the introduction of plastic material, a lilling cylinder adapted to have'its lower end inserted in said mold-opening, and adjustable means to vary the length et the cylinder-end inserted Within said opening'.

17. In apparatus oit the class described, a two-part mold having` a hinge connection upon one side and a clamp to detachably connect the mold parts upon the opposite side, said mold-parts having an interior opening adapted to closely engage the exterior Walls of a pipe, and formed with an annular channel-mold thereabout, and an opening into said channel for the introduction of a plastic material, of a pump cylinder arranged to be inserted Within said opening and disposed to approximately engage on one side With the pipe surface affording an exit opening for the plastic materia] on its opposite side, and a plunger in said cylinder.`

18. In apparatus of the class described, in combination with a circular pipe, of a sectional mold detachably connected to the pipe affording an annular mold-channel thereabout, a tubular neck affording an opening' to said channel disposed `with an extension of its axial line oliiset from the center of said pipe, and means lfor introducing` plastic cement material Within said channel under pressure,

19. In apparatus of the class described, in combination with a circular pipe, of a sectional mold detachably connected to said pipe affording@r an annular mold-channel thereabout, a tubular neck aii'ording` an opening` to said channel, and a pump operatively mounted in said opening' disposed to direct a stream of plastic material under pressure through said channel in one direction only.

20. In apparatus of the class described` in combination with a circular pipe, of a mold detachably connected to said pipe allording an annular channel thereabout, said mold having an openingin its Wall, and a pump disposed to protrude Within said opening and obstruct said channel upon one side thereof leavingl an opening on its other side whereby plastic material forced into said channel will iiow thereabout in one direction.

21. In apparatus of the class described, in combination with a circular pipe, of mold detachably connecting` to the pipe and provided With an annular mold-channel there about, and means to introduce and force a charge oi plastic material under pressure through said channel and progressively therethrough from one side to unite with the entering' stream adjacent the point of entrance.

PHIL EASTERDAY. 

